Compare Chinese law and African laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Look at Chinese law and African laws - Essay Example In any case, there are the individuals who accept that such checked similitudes regarding laws and standards are not just a result of contacts between races. Their contention is that there is a sort of widespread bond borne out of humankind’s normal comprehension of what is correct or wrong, which makes prizes and requitals a typical situation. I am slanted to take the side of the individuals who feel that a general comprehension of what is correct or wrong is behind the soul of the laws that oversees the human culture. To represent this point, let us take into contemplations the Chinese and the African setting, taking into explicit contemplations the starting point and establishments of such laws. China and Africa are nearly at the restricting shafts on the off chance that we talk about societies, developments and the advancement of their legitimate frameworks. Since days of yore, Chinese have been known as merchants crossing the high oceans to exchange merchandise. In the former times, Chinese administrations were known to be one of the most composed structures of government and have arranged their laws as ahead of schedule as the 221 BC (Gray. Gregor. 1878) By differentiate, Africa was a riddle to the remainder of the world as of not long ago and the greater part of its laws are as yet unwritten right up 'til today. Dissimilar to China where the codes are simple available to the individuals who might mind to understand them, African laws, attributable to its unwritten nature, are not promptly open by pariahs. So as to pick up information on African law, one should intently watch and gain from experiential records of its subjects. In any case, what is fascinating to note is t hat despite the fact that one laws is as of now classified and the other unwritten, by investigating the causes and the spirits of the laws of these nations, there are similitudes in them that merits investigating. By investigating the very establishments of these laws, one will locate that both are pretty much based on comparable establishments. Studies lead on Chinese and African laws noticed that the two laws are basically based

Ethics in Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Morals in Law - Research Paper Example The basic guideline of morals in law requirement involves specification of obligations of a cop. A cop is ordered with the duty of working inside the law. His forces and obligations must fit in with the arrangements of resolution that plots their duties. Their key obligations incorporates serving individuals, looking after harmony, securing lives and properties just as guaranteeing that there is correspondence in the administration conveyance to all residents (Moore and Perez 11). By and by, some cops behave in amateurish way both in their line of obligation and keeping in mind that not working. Individuals have a propensity of checking each direct of cops maybe in light of the fact that they are required to show others how its done. Any activities that digress from what they are required to do, they are censured and denounced. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd lead of cops can be very much explained or specified in the law. For example, there has consistently been an incredible discussion on whether cops should take tips from general society. In any case, assurance of the moral issue associated with such a deed goes past what law gives. For example, the issue of the expectation of the official while accepting the tip comes in. A few people contend that an official can acknowledge tip from individuals from the open just on the off chance that they don't request it. Alternately, the issue of human rights and how presumes should be taken care of by cops during capture has consistently been argumentative. For example, it has consistently stayed moral issue on what a cop ought to do to suspects that oppose capture. It is evident that legal advisors have consistently had issues with their customers as to their lead during legal procedures. Notwithstanding, law social orders have with time given initiative in legitimate issues by structuring proficient norms that administers attorneys. Qualities have been contended

thank u, next The Books That Taught Us Love, Patience, Pain

thank u, next The Books That Taught Us Love, Patience, Pain One taught me love; one taught me patience; one taught me pain If youre anything like me, youve been humming Ariana Grandes newest song to yourself since it came out a couple of weeks ago. You might have seen the memes on Twitter, too, where people reminisce about TV crushes â€" or even TV shows â€" that have also taught them love, patience, and pain. I asked my fellow Rioters which books have played those roles in their lives. Heres what they said. Priya Sridhar: Love: Reading Lolita in Tehran by Azar Nafisi   You want a memoir about oppression, literary analysis, and finding power in the darkness? Then this memoir is for you, about the Iranian Revolution and how books can become our refuge. Patience: And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie This is a case where skipping to the end only makes the rest of the book more delicious. Don’t read it late at night, though. Pain: The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas   It took me a while to finish this book because I screamed when the major character death happened. Patricia Thang: Love: The Trumpet of the Swan by E.B. White I’ve always loved animals, so E.B. White was my jam as a kid, and this is one of the first books that I can remember really grabbing hold of my heart. Patience: The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien At this point I consider myself a HUGE Tolkien fan, and yet, this almost became the only book I ever DNF’d in my life. That goddamn Entmoot, y’all. It’s described as having lasted three days, and I felt every tedious minute of those three days just reading about it. Pain: My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult When I was a young teen, this book absolutely destroyed me with the gut-punch of a lifetime and taught me that books were not just the generally nice escape havens I had considered them to be. Grace Lapointe: Love: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling From the intriguing opening chapter of the first book in the series, my eight-year-old self was hooked for life. Patience: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire This book in the middle of the series contained a lot of filler. The Quidditch match at the beginning of the book seemed particularly endless. Pain: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows RIP to so many of our favorite characters in the final battle against Voldemort. Yaasmeen Piper: Love: This Will Be My Undoing by Morgan Jerkins Jerkin’s essays and manifestos made me love the skin I’m in even more. When finishing this book I had a refreshed appreciation for black women and all the trial and tribulations we’ve endured. Patience: Last Night I Sang to The Monster by Benjamin Alire Saenz This book will tear you to pieces from start to finish. Saenz paints such a vivid portrait of these characters struggling with their recovery. Though at times this book made me cry, as these characters start to heal so will you. Pain: All the Ugly and Wonderful Things by Bryn Greenwood I’ve never read a book with characters filled with so much pain as All the Ugly and Wonderful Things. At times I wanted to reach into the book and hug some of the characters and say, “It’s going to be okay.” Jenn Northington Love: Wrong to Need You by Alisha Rai This wasn’t my first romance novel, but it was one of the first ones where I felt like I really saw some of my own struggles on the page, and that is an incredible gift. Patience: A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing by Eimear McBride I don’t read much experimental fiction, and when I do I often get discouraged â€" but this dark, twisted gem of a book drew me in and taught me how to read it, line by line and page by page, and it was so worth it. Pain: Heavy by Kiese Laymon In resisting the urge to lie and to sugarcoat his own pain, Laymon lays out what it looks like to confront the truth of your own pain, and it is both inspiring and heart-breaking. What are the books that have taught you love, patience, and pain? Tell us in the comments!

Abolition Of The Fugitive Slave Act - 865 Words

Increase in slavery (1830s)- Cultivation of cash crops thrived in the South causing a higher demand for slaves to provide a work force. Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)- Court ruling declaring that the state did not have to enforce the return of runaway slaves. Edward Prigg, an agent of Margaret Ashmore a slave owner from Maryland, on a mission to find Ashmore s escaped slave Margaret Morgan in Pennsylvania. Ashmore did not have proper documentation to prove her ownership of Morgan and her two children, the state did not permit the return of Morgan to Ashmore. (Personal Liberty laws) Ableman v. Booth (1854)- Sherman Booth was arrested for aiding a fugitive slave in violation of the Fugitive Slave Act. Wisconsin court ordered for the release of Booth and declared the Fugitive Slave Act unconstitutional. Southern â€Å"Fire Eaters† (1850s)- a radical group of pro-slavery Southerners who sought the reopening of international slave trade, which had been illegal since (1808) Underground Railroad- Reached it’s height in the 1950-60s, with the help of abolitionists, slaves escaped across state lines to free states Compromise of 1850- five bills passed under the Congress. The division of land gained from the Mexican-American War, this was seen as the â€Å"New Fugitive Slave Act†. California was admitted as a free state, creation of Utah and New Mexico territories with the use of popular sovereignty to decide whether the territories were admitted as slave or free states, Texas-New Mexico stateShow MoreRelatedThe Great Awakening Of The Antebellum Period1524 Words   |  7 Pages(Lapsansky-Werner). With the growing cotton plantation in the south, more slaves were needed and more slaves needed to escape (Antebellum Period.). While the Antebellum Period brought the Second Great Awakening and Westward Expansion, it is also known for the uprising of abolition and anti versus pro slavery arguments (Antebellum Period.). The antebellum period was over all a pivotal point in slavery and slave laws with laws like the fugitive slave act of 1851 and the Compromise of 1850 or rebellions like theRead MoreTaking a Look at the American Civil War896 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew. In the south, they had few factories and had farming based economy. These ways of life differed so much because of the geography in the north and south influenced their way of life. In the south, they needed workers and slaves to maintain their economy but, â€Å"The slave system had been dying out because the Protestant work ethic was alive in America and favored free, but Liu 2 the cotton gin and the demands of the northern factories changed everything. The boom in cotton createdRead MoreThe Civil War Essay631 Words   |  3 Pagesall of these events happened because of one reason; slavery.The Missouri Compromise, Fugitive Slave Act, and the Election of 1860 were the most significant of these events that led to the war. II. The Missouri Compromise would be the very beginning of the nation breaking apart. In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood, however, the people of Missouri wanted to be a slave state. Missouris statehood would make slave states have the majority in congress, which scared the North. The nation argued aboutRead MoreThe Slave Crucible Analysis1266 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Slave Crucibles† and â€Å"A Federal Assault† provide different perspectives on the experiences of slaves. â€Å"The Slave Crucibles† contributes personal insight into the different aspects of the lives of slaves while â€Å"A Federal Assault† exhibits a generalized viewpoint on the effects of laws such as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on the majority of the slave population. Both pieces of literature demonstrate the injustices and demeaning treatment towards African Americans during the 19th century. Pargas’Read MoreAnalysis Of Gateway To Freedom758 Words   |  4 Pagestimes when the slaves were helped by abolitionists to escape to Canada in hope to find freedom. It is a book authored by Eric Foner, an American Historian. He is well known for writing about the American political history, freedom history, historiographies and about the African-American biography. In 2011 he won the Lincoln Prize, the Bancroft Prize Pulitzer prize for History for his book ‘The Fiery trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery’. Gateway to freedom takes us back to the slave trade periodRead MoreThe Rise Of The Civil War1096 Words   |  5 PagesCivil War were the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, and the anti-slavery violence of John Brown. All of these significant events changed American in either one way or another. Growing tensions between the North and the South led to major factors during the 1850s. The Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, and John B rown marked a turning point in American history which ultimately led to the Civil War. Fugitive Slave Act took place in 1850, the Kansas- Nebraska Act was in 1854 andRead MoreA Slave Mothers Fury1148 Words   |  5 PagesA Slave Mother’s Fury: The Story of Margaret Garner In 1793, The United States government issued The Fugitive Slave Act which mandated the return of runaway slaves back to their original slave owners if they were caught. Modified in 1850 with even stricter punishments and consequences even for those who hid runaways, these laws shined a light on an ambiguous plan that the government devised to keep African Americans enslaved without any mere hope of ever becoming free. While in effect, a multitudeRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On African American Communities1688 Words   |  7 Pagesplanters turn towards slave labor. In the book The Half Has Never Been Told, author Edward Baptist described the productivity of slave labor on the plantations and its contribution to the United States’ economy. In addition, he remarked the devastating effects of slavery on African-American communities. Slaves faced degradation, brutality, sexual exploitation, and inadequate living conditions. Some colonists viewed slavery was immoral and inhumane and supported the abolition of this practice. HoweverRead MoreThe Reform Movements Of The United States Of America Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted with the arrival of the first slaves from Africa in 1619. Slavery continued even after it was abolished; it greatly influenced the events in the country. From the very beginning, anti-slavery movement and slave resistance played a big role in the efforts to uphold the values of the new, rising nation and its belief that all men are equal. Advocates for the anti-slavery movement were not united from the start; some supported gradual emancipation of slaves, others were for immediate and radicalRead MoreThe Abolition Movement Of The 1800s1547 Words   |  7 Pages The Abolition Movement in the 1800s was a controversial time for America. There were many who fought for the right to keep slaves, but there were also many who fought for the freedom of slaves. People like Fredrick Douglass Anthony Burns, and works such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin gave a sense of liberty to the people who did not understand how little they had, and how restricted they were. Many factors had key roles within this movement, each becoming important, and crucial to the abolishment of slavery

Countries of Central America and the Caribbean

Central America is a region at the center of the two of the American continents. It fully lies in a tropical climate and has savanna, rainforest, and mountainous regions. Geographically, it represents the southernmost part of the North American continent and it contains an isthmus that connects North America to South America. Panama is the border between the two continents. At its narrowest point, the isthmus stretches only 30 miles (50 km)Â  wide. The mainland portion of the region consists of seven different countries, but 13 nations in the Caribbean are also normally counted as a part of Central America. Central America shares borders with Mexico to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Colombia to the south and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The region is considered part of the developing world, which means it has issues in poverty, education, transportation, communications, infrastructure, and/or access to health care for its residents.The following is a list of the countries of Central America and the Caribbean arranged by area. For reference the countries on the mainland portion of Central America are marked with an asterisk (*). The 2017 population estimates and capitals of each country have also been included. All information was obtained from the CIA World Factbook. Central America and the CaribbeanCountries Nicaragua*Area: 50,336 square miles (130,370 sq km)Population:Â  6,025,951Capital: ManaguaHonduras*Area: 43,278 square miles (112,090 sq km)Population:Â  9,038,741Capital: TegucigalpaCubaArea: 42,803 square miles (110,860 sq km)Population:Â  11,147,407Capital: HavanaGuatemala*Area: 42,042 square miles (108,889 sq km)Population:Â  15,460,732Capital: Guatemala CityPanama*Area: 29,119 square miles (75,420 sq km)Population:Â  3,753,142Capital: Panama CityCosta Rica*Area: 19,730 square miles (51,100 sq km)Population:Â  4,930,258Capital: San JoseDominican RepublicArea: 18,791 square miles (48,670 sq km)Population:Â  10,734,247Capital: Santo DomingoHaitiArea: 10,714 square miles (27,750 sq km)Population:Â  10,646,714Capital: Port au PrinceBelize*Area: 8,867 square miles (22,966 sq km)Population:Â  360,346Capital: BelmopanEl Salvador*Area: 8,124 square miles (21,041 sq km)Population:Â  6,172,011Capital: San SalvadorThe BahamasArea: 5,359 square miles (13,880 sq km)Population:Â  32 9,988Capital: NassauJamaicaArea: 4,243 square miles (10,991 sq km)Population:Â  2,990,561Capital: KingstonTrinidad and TobagoArea: 1,980 square miles (5,128 sq km)Population:Â  1,218,208Capital: Port of SpainDominicaArea: 290 square miles (751 sq km)Population:Â  73,897Capital: RoseauSaint LuciaArea: 237 square miles (616 sq km)Population:Â  164,994Capital: Castries Antigua and BarbudaArea: 170 square miles (442.6 sq km)Antigua area: 108 square miles (280Â  sq km); Barbuda: 62 square miles (161Â  sq km);Â  Redonda: .61 square miles (1.6 sq km)Population:Â  94,731Capital: Saint Johns BarbadosArea: 166 square miles (430 sq km)Population:Â  292,336Capital: BridgetownSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesArea: 150 square miles (389 sq km)Â  Saint Vincent area: 133 square miles (344 sq km)Population:Â  102,089Capital: KingstownGrenadaArea: 133 square miles (344 sq km)Population:Â  111,724Capital: Saint GeorgesSaint Kitts and NevisArea: 101 square miles (261 sq km)Saint Kitts area: 65 square miles (168 sq km); Nevis:Â   36 square miles (93 sq km)Population:Â  52,715Capital: Basseterre

Digital Fortress Chapter 115-117 Free Essays

Chapter 115 The emptiness in David Becker’s mind was absolute. I am dead. And yet there was a sound. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 115-117 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A distant voice†¦ â€Å"David.† There was a dizzying burning beneath his arm. His blood was filled with fire. My body is not my own. And yet there was a voice, calling to him. It was thin, distant. But it was part of him. There were other voices too-unfamiliar, unimportant. Calling out. He fought to block them out. There was only one voice that mattered. It faded in and out. â€Å"David†¦ I’m sorry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There was a mottled light. Faint at first, a single slit of grayness. Growing. Becker tried to move. Pain. He tried to speak. Silence. The voice kept calling. Someone was near him, lifting him. Becker moved toward the voice. Or was he being moved? It was calling. He gazed absently at the illuminated image. He could see her on a small screen. It was a woman, staring up at him from another world. Is she watching me die? â€Å"David†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The voice was familiar. She was an angel. She had come for him. The angel spoke. â€Å"David, I love you.† Suddenly he knew. Susan reached out toward the screen, crying, laughing, lost in a torrent of emotions. She wiped fiercely at her tears. â€Å"David, I-I thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Field Agent Smith eased David Becker into the seat facing the monitor. â€Å"He’s a little woozy, ma’am. Give him a second.† â€Å"B-but,† Susan was stammering, â€Å"I saw a transmission. It said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Smith nodded. â€Å"We saw it too. Hulohot counted his chickens a little early.† â€Å"But the blood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Flesh wound,† Smith replied. â€Å"We slapped a gauze on it.† Susan couldn’t speak. Agent Coliander piped in from off camera. â€Å"We hit him with the new J23-long-acting stun gun. Probably hurt like hell, but we got him off the street.† â€Å"Don’t worry, ma’am,† Smith assured. â€Å"He’ll be fine.† David Becker stared at the TV monitor in front of him. He was disoriented, light-headed. The image on the screen was of a room-a room filled with chaos. Susan was there. She was standing on an open patch of floor, gazing up at him. She was crying and laughing. â€Å"David. Thank God! I thought I had lost you!† He rubbed his temple. He moved in front of the screen and pulled the gooseneck microphone toward his mouth. â€Å"Susan?† Susan gazed up in wonder. David’s rugged features now filled the entire wall before her. His voice boomed. â€Å"Susan, I need to ask you something.† The resonance and volume of Becker’s voice seemed to momentarily suspend the action in the databank. Everyone stopped midstride and turned. â€Å"Susan Fletcher,† the voice resonated, â€Å"will you marry me?† A hush spread across the room. A clipboard clattered to the floor along with a mug of pencils. No one bent to pick them up. There was only the faint hum of the terminal fans and the sound of David Becker’s steady breathing in his microphone. â€Å"D-David†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan stammered, unaware that thirty-seven people stood riveted behind her. â€Å"You already asked me, remember? Five months ago. I said yes.† â€Å"I know.† He smiled. â€Å"But this time†-he extended his left hand into the camera and displayed a golden band on his fourth finger-â€Å"this time I have a ring.† Chapter 116 â€Å"Read it, Mr. Becker!† Fontaine ordered. Jabba sat sweating, hands poised over his keyboard. â€Å"Yes,† he said, â€Å"read the blessed inscription!† Susan Fletcher stood with them, weak-kneed and aglow. Everyone in the room had stopped what they were doing and stared up at the enormous projection of David Becker. The professor twisted the ring in his fingers and studied the engraving. â€Å"And read carefully!† Jabba commanded. â€Å"One typo, and we’re screwed!† Fontaine gave Jabba a harsh look. If there was one thing the director of the NSA knew about, it was pressure situations; creating additional tension was never wise. â€Å"Relax, Mr. Becker. If we make a mistake, we’ll reenter the code till we get it right.† â€Å"Bad advice, Mr. Becker,† Jabba snapped. â€Å"Get it right the first time. Kill-codes usually have a penalty clause-to prevent trial-and-error guessing. Make an incorrect entry, and the cycle will probably accelerate. Make two incorrect entries, and it will lock us out permanently. Game over.† The director frowned and turned back to the screen. â€Å"Mr. Becker? My mistake. Read carefully-read extremely carefully.† Becker nodded and studied the ring for a moment. Then he calmly began reciting the inscription. â€Å"Q†¦ U†¦ I†¦ S†¦ space†¦ C†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jabba and Susan interrupted in unison. â€Å"Space?† Jabba stopped typing. â€Å"There’s a space?† Becker shrugged, checking the ring. â€Å"Yeah. There’s a bunch of them.† â€Å"Am I missing something?† Fontaine demanded. â€Å"What are we waiting for?† â€Å"Sir,† Susan said, apparently puzzled. â€Å"It’s†¦ it’s just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I agree,† Jabba said. â€Å"It’s strange. Passwords never have spaces.† Brinkerhoff swallowed hard. â€Å"So, what are you saying?† â€Å"He’s saying,† Susan interjected, â€Å"that this may not be a kill-code.† Brinkerhoff cried out, â€Å"Of course it’s the kill-code! What else could it be? Why else would Tankado give it away? Who the hell inscribes a bunch of random letters on a ring?† Fontaine silenced Brinkerhoff with a sharp glare. â€Å"Ah†¦ folks?† Becker interjected, appearing hesitant to get involved. â€Å"You keep mentioning random letters. I think I should let you know†¦ the letters on this ring aren’t random.† Everyone on the podium blurted in unison. â€Å"What!† Becker looked uneasy. â€Å"Sorry, but there are definitely words here. I’ll admit they’re inscribed pretty close together; at first glance it appears random, but if you look closely you’ll see the inscription is actually†¦ well†¦ it’s Latin.† Jabba gaped. â€Å"You’re shitting me!† Becker shook his head. â€Å"No. It reads, ‘Quis custodiet ipsos custodes.’ It translates roughly to-â€Å" â€Å"Who will guard the guards!† Susan interrupted, finishing David’s sentence. Becker did a double-take. â€Å"Susan, I didn’t know you could-â€Å" â€Å"It’s from Satires of Juvenal,† she exclaimed. â€Å"Who will guard the guards? Who will guard the NSA while we guard the world? It was Tankado’s favorite saying!† â€Å"So,† Midge demanded, â€Å"is it the pass-key, or not?† â€Å"It must be the pass-key,† Brinkerhoff declared. Fontaine stood silent, apparently processing the information. â€Å"I don’t know if it’s the key,† Jabba said. â€Å"It seems unlikely to me that Tankado would use a nonrandom construction.† â€Å"Just omit the spaces,† Brinkerhoff cried, â€Å"and type the damn code!† Fontaine turned to Susan. â€Å"What’s your take, Ms. Fletcher?† She thought a moment. She couldn’t quite put her finger on it, but something didn’t feel right. Susan knew Tankado well enough to know he thrived on simplicity. His proofs and programming were always crystalline and absolute. The fact that the spaces needed to be removed seemed odd. It was a minor detail, but it was a flaw, definitely not clean-not what Susan would have expected as Ensei Tankado’s crowning blow. â€Å"It doesn’t feel right,† Susan finally said. â€Å"I don’t think it’s the key.† Fontaine sucked in a long breath, his dark eyes probing hers. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher, in your mind, if this is not the key, why would Ensei Tankado have given it away? If he knew we’d murdered him-don’t you assume he’d want to punish us by making the ring disappear?† A new voice interrupted the dialogue. â€Å"Ah†¦ Director?† All eyes turned to the screen. It was Agent Coliander in Seville. He was leaning over Becker’s shoulder and speaking into the mic. â€Å"For whatever it’s worth, I’m not so sure Mr. Tankado knew he was being murdered.† â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Fontaine demanded. â€Å"Hulohot was a pro, sir. We saw the kill-only fifty meters away. All evidence suggests Tankado was unaware.† â€Å"Evidence?† Brinkerhoff demanded. â€Å"What evidence? Tankado gave away this ring. That’s proof enough!† â€Å"Agent Smith,† Fontaine interrupted. â€Å"What makes you think Ensei Tankado was unaware he was being killed?† Smith cleared his throat. â€Å"Hulohot killed him with an NTB-a noninvasive trauma bullet. It’s a rubber pod that strikes the chest and spreads out. Silent. Very clean. Mr. Tankado would only have felt a sharp thump before going into cardiac arrest.† â€Å"A trauma bullet,† Becker mused to himself. â€Å"That explains the bruising.† â€Å"It’s doubtful,† Smith added, â€Å"that Tankado associated the sensation with a gunman.† â€Å"And yet he gave away his ring,† Fontaine stated. â€Å"True, sir. But he never looked for his assailant. A victim always looks for his assailant when he’s been shot. It’s instinct.† Fontaine puzzled. â€Å"And you’re saying Tankado didn’t look for Hulohot?† â€Å"No, sir. We have it on film if you’d like-â€Å" â€Å"X-eleven filter’s going!† a technician yelled. â€Å"The worm’s halfway there!† â€Å"Forget the film,† Brinkerhoff declared. â€Å"Type in the damn kill-code and finish this!† Jabba sighed, suddenly the cool one. â€Å"Director, if we enter the wrong code†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes,† Susan interrupted, â€Å"if Tankado didn’t suspect we killed him, we’ve got some questions to answer.† â€Å"What’s our time frame, Jabba?† Fontaine demanded. Jabba looked up at the VR. â€Å"About twenty minutes. I suggest we use the time wisely.† Fontaine was silent a long moment. Then sighed heavily. â€Å"All right. Run the film.† Chapter 117 â€Å"Transmitting video in ten seconds,† Agent Smith’s voice crackled. â€Å"We’re dropping every other frame as well as audio-we’ll run as close to real time as possible.† Everyone on the podium stood silent, watching, waiting. Jabba typed a few keys and rearranged the video wall. Tankado’s message appeared on the far left: ONLY THE TRUTH WILL SAVE YOU NOW On the right of the wall was the static interior shot of the van with Becker and the two agents huddled around the camera. In the center, a fuzzy frame appeared. It dissolved into static and then into a black and white image of a park. â€Å"Transmitting,† Agent Smith announced. The shot looked like an old movie. It was stilted and jerky-a by-product of frame-dropping, a process that halved the amount of information sent and enabled faster transmission. The shot panned out across an enormous concourse enclosed on one end by a semicircular facade-the Seville Ayuntamiento. There were trees in the foreground. The park was empty. â€Å"X-eleven’s are down!† a technician called out. â€Å"This bad boy’s hungry!† Smith began to narrate. His commentary had the detachment of a seasoned agent. â€Å"This is shot from the van,† he said, â€Å"about fifty meters from the kill zone. Tankado is approaching from the right. Hulohot’s in the trees to the left.† â€Å"We’ve got a time crunch here,† Fontaine pressed. â€Å"Let’s get to the meat of it.† Agent Coliander touched a few buttons, and the frame speed increased. Everyone on the podium watched in anticipation as their former associate, Ensei Tankado, came into the frame. The accelerated video made the whole image seem comic. Tankado shuffled jerkily out onto the concourse, apparently taking in the scenery. He shielded his eyes and gazed up at the spires of the huge facade. â€Å"This is it,† Smith warned. â€Å"Hulohot’s a pro. He took his first open shot.† Smith was right. There was a flash of light from behind the trees on the left of the screen. An instant later Tankado clutched his chest. He staggered momentarily. The camera zoomed in on him, unstable-in and out of focus. As the footage rolled in high speed, Smith coldly continued his narration. â€Å"As you can see, Tankado is instantly in cardiac arrest.† Susan felt ill watching the images. Tankado clutched at his chest with crippled hands, a confused look of terror on his face. â€Å"You’ll notice,† Smith added, â€Å"his eyes are focused downward, at himself. Not once does he look around.† â€Å"And that’s important?† Jabba half stated, half inquired. â€Å"Very,† Smith said. â€Å"If Tankado suspected foul play of any kind, he would instinctively search the area. But as you can see, he does not.† On the screen, Tankado dropped to his knees, still clutching his chest. He never once looked up. Ensei Tankado was a man alone, dying a private, natural death. â€Å"It’s odd,† Smith said, puzzled. â€Å"Trauma pods usually won’t kill this quickly. Sometimes, if the target’s big enough, they don’t kill at all.† â€Å"Bad heart,† Fontaine said flatly. Smith arched his eyebrows, impressed. â€Å"Fine choice of weapon, then.† Susan watched as Tankado toppled from his knees to his side and finally onto his back. He lay, staring upward, grabbing at his chest. Suddenly the camera wheeled away from him back toward the grove of trees. A man appeared. He was wearing wire-rim glasses and carrying an oversize briefcase. As he approached the concourse and the writhing Tankado, his fingers began tapping in a strange silent dance on a mechanism attached to his hand. â€Å"He’s working his Monocle,† Smith announced. â€Å"Sending a message that Tankado is terminated.† Smith turned to Becker and chuckled. â€Å"Looks like Hulohot had a bad habit of transmitting kills before his victim actually expired.† Coliander sped the film up some more, and the camera followed Hulohot as he began moving toward his victim. Suddenly an elderly man rushed out of a nearby courtyard, ran over to Tankado, and knelt beside him. Hulohot slowed his approach. A moment later two more people appeared from the courtyard-an obese man and a red-haired woman. They also came to Tankado’s side. â€Å"Unfortunate choice of kill zone,† Smith said. â€Å"Hulohot thought he had the victim isolated.† On the screen, Hulohot watched for a moment and then shrank back into the trees, apparently to wait. â€Å"Here comes the handoff,† Smith prompted. â€Å"We didn’t notice it the first time around.† Susan gazed up at the sickening image on the screen. Tankado was gasping for breath, apparently trying communicate something to the Samaritans kneeling beside him. Then, in desperation, he thrust his left hand above him, almost hitting the old man in the face. He held the crippled appendage outward before the old man’s eyes. The camera tightened on Tankado’s three deformed fingers, and on one of them, clearly glistening in the Spanish sun, was the golden ring. Tankado thrust it out again. The old man recoiled. Tankado turned to the woman. He held his three deformed fingers directly in front of her face, as if begging her to understand. The ring glinted in the sun. The woman looked away. Tankado, now choking, unable to make a sound, turned to the obese man and tried one last time. The elderly man suddenly stood and dashed off, presumably to get help. Tankado seemed to be weakening, but he was still holding the ring in the fat man’s face. The fat man reached out and held the dying man’s wrist, supporting it. Tankado seemed to gaze upward at his own fingers, at his own ring, and then to the man’s eyes. As a final plea before death, Ensei Tankado gave the man an almost imperceptible nod, as if to say yes. Then Tankado fell limp. â€Å"Jesus.† Jabba moaned. Suddenly the camera swept to where Hulohot had been hiding. The assassin was gone. A police motorcycle appeared, tearing up Avenida Firelli. The camera wheeled back to where Tankado was lying. The woman kneeling beside him apparently heard the police sirens; she glanced around nervously and then began pulling at her obese companion, begging him to leave. The two hurried off. The camera tightened on Tankado, his hands folded on his lifeless chest. The ring on his finger was gone. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 115-117, Essay examples

Padma Bridge free essay sample

1. Overview Padma Bridge is one of major outstanding infrastructure required for balanced economic development of Bangladesh. It is anticipated that the gross domestic product of the would increase by 2 percent once the bridge was constructed. The bridge, which would connect the southwest region with the rest of the country, could be used for the trans-Asian route; the minister said adding The Bridge will help gear up industrialisation in the region too. Environmental impact of the bridge would be assessed during the preparation of design. Government is endeavouring to start construction of the proposed Padma Bridge in 2011 to comple it by 2014. The bridge to be built at an estimated more than twenty thousand crore TK would be, the longest bridge in the country with 6. 15km length and 25m width, he added. The bridge will have four lanes and a railroad in the middle. The bridge will also have a gas transmission pipeline, power transmission line and telecommunication cable. We will write a custom essay sample on Padma Bridge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Jamuna Multi-Purpose Bridge Authorities (JMBA) that looked after large bridge projects, in a study in 2005 estimated that 918. 76 hectares of land would be needed to be acquired on both the sides of Padma Bridge. The land acquisition cost is estimated at 3. 2 billion taka (about 46 million U. S. dollars), said the study. According to a survey by JICA, nearly 30,000 people will lose their lands due to land acquisition for construction of the bridge. The 6. 5 km long 22-metre wide, four lane bridge on the river Padma connecting Mawa (35km south of Dhaka) in Munshiganj with Jazira in Madaripur is also likely to contribute hugely to the functioning of the Mongla Port in Bagerhat, the second seaport of the country that fails to attract cargo ships owing to poor communications. The decision to construct the bridge was taken back in 2001 but dilly-dally over selecting the construction sites delayed the process. 2. INTRODUCTION The three major rivers of Bangladesh the Padma, Brahmaputra-Jamuna and the Meghna divide the country into four principal regions such as north-west, north central, eastern and south-west regions. The Padma River separates the South-west region from the capital city and requires time consuming ferry crossings to major destinations. At present, transportation of passengers and freight across the river is by ferries and to a lesser extent by launches and manually-operated boats, but their services are grossly inadequate in both capacity and service level. The existing ferry services involve long and unpredictable waiting time at terminals lacking basic service facilities. They are prone to suspension orcancellation due to flood, fog and inclement weather conditions. The proposed Padma Bridge is expected to make cross-Padma transport more reliable and drastically reduce the travel time and cost across the river. The proposed bridge plans to build a multipurpose crossing with additional utilities like rail, telephone, gas and power lines across the Padma. It is designed to remove the last major physical barrier in the road connection between Dhaka and the South-west region of Bangladesh, where about one quarter of the population of Bangladesh is living. The bridge will shorten the distance from the South-west to Dhaka by 100 km and travelling time will considerably be reduced. The project is viewed as a very important infrastructure and transportation network, which will hugely facilitate social, economic and industrial development of this relatively underdeveloped region of the country. The padma Bridge will help to stimulate economic activity in the SW region by providing a reliable and rapid transport connection. It is estimated in the feasibility study that the project will increase the GDP by 1. 2% and that of South-West Region by 2. 3%. The Padma Bridge is on the Asian Highway Route A-1 and Trans-Asian Railway Route. When the railway will be effectively connected, the Padma Bridge will contribute to the multimodal international transport network for the Eastern Region of the Indian sub-continent and substantial benefit to GoB for bi-lateral cargo movement between India and Bangladesh. 3. PROJECT COMPONENTS Among the project components main bridge is by far the prime component of the project covering about 50% of the project cost. The main components of the Padma Multi-Purpose Bridge Project consist of: * A 6. 15km long two-level steel truss main bridge. (four-lane divided highway on top and single track rail on the bottom deck); * The Approach Road to the bridge consisting of a 12. 4 km four-lane divided highway and includes five minor bridges of 150~270m length over local waterways, 21 drainage box culvert and 8 local road underpasses. * Transition structures that includes the Approach Viaduct at Mawa length of 721. 50m and 756. 788m for the northbound and southbound carriageways respectively. The length of the Approach Viaduct at Janjira is 873. 250m and 797. 315m for the northbound and southbound carriageways respectively; * Bridge End Facilities on both sides of the river that includes Toll Plazas and Service Areas; * Access roads totaling about 8. 9 km and 14. 5 km of service road . * Four Resettlement villages (two on the Mawa side and two on the Janjira side). 4. MAIN BRIDGE The total length of the main bridge is 6150m and the main bridge is connected to approach viaducts on both ends and overall width of the bridge is 22. m. The main bridge is in the form of composite steel truss with two levels, railway at lower deck level and highway at upper deck level suitable for fast track construction. Longitudinally, the main truss is in the form of a continuous warren truss and the concrete roadway slab is connected to the top chord by shear stud. The railway deck comprises longitudinal steel beams spanning between lower cross beams and a concrete railway slab which is also compositely connected to the beams. The roadway slab is reinforced concrete in the transverse direction, and is a pre-stressed concrete structure in the longitudinal direction. There are 41 spans each 150 m in length optimized in the computer program. It is sub-divided into 7 continuous bridge modules, and each module is comprised of 5 or 6 spans. At the interface between adjacent modules, a movement joint is present to accommodate the movement due to various actions. The major portion of the bridge is flat (0% vertical gradient) except at the two ends the bridge level decreases with approximately 0. 5% vertical gradient to match with the adjacent approach viaducts. The horizontal alignment of the bridge consists of straight sections, curved sections with onstant radius and short transition curves. The tightest radius is found in Module 7, where the radius is 3000 metres. 5. CROSSING REQUIREMENTS The bridge is to carry the following facilities: Highway The bridge is required to carry a dual two-lane carriageway road with a design traffic speed of 100km/hr. Each carriageway shall comprise two 3. 5 meter wide traffic lanes plus a 2. 5 meter wide hard shoulder and 650mm wide median. The bridge is intended to carry motorized vehicles only. Railway Provision shall be made for future addition of a single track broad gauge railway along the bridge. The railway is proposed to be an extension of the Indian Railways Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) and is likely to be part of the Trans-Asian Railway. The design rail speed is 160km/hr for passenger trains and 125 km/hr for freight trains. Power Transmission Line The bridge will be required to carry a high voltage power transmission line with a capacity of 400kV as part of the developing power supply network in south west Bangladesh. High Pressure Gas Transmission Line A 30 inch (76 cm) diameter gas pipe is to be carried by the bridge, which is expected to operate at a pressure of. 1135 psi. The gas pipe shall be hydro tested to a pressure of 1710 psi in accordance with procedures approved by Petrobangla. The high pressure gas main shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Petrobangla with reference to appropriate recognized international design standards such as the American 6. BRIDGE VIADUCTS The viaduct spans are separated into the approach road and the railway viaducts. The main bridge is a two level structure which required a challenging task in the arrangement of the viaducts to separate the railway from the highway and alternative options were considered during the Scheme Design Phase of the project. There are a total of four viaducts supporting the highway, two on each side of the river. The length of the approach road viaducts ranged from 720m to 875m long and consists of 38m spans. The superstructure consists of precast, pre-tensioned concrete Super-T girders which will become the first Super-T girder structure to be constructed in Bangladesh. The Super-T girder is an economical beam commonly used on highway bridges in Australia and is becoming more widespread on projects throughout Asia. The introduction of the Super-T girder to Bangladesh presents an opportunity for future use on other projects throughout the country. There is a total of two viaducts supporting the railway, one on each side of the river. The length of the railway viaducts ranged from 2. 36km to 2. 96km and consists of 38m spans similar to the approach road viaducts. The superstructure consists of precast, post-tensioned concrete I-girders. The detailed design of the viaduct structures posed some major challenges in bridge engineering specifically involving earthquakes under soil conditions highly susceptible to significant depths of liquefaction. A multi modal response spectra analysis was used to analyse and the design the viaducts for a seismic event with a return period of 475 years. This paper describes the dynamic analysis procedure and the design features of the structure to withstand these seismic events. A transition pier is located at the interface of the viaduct spans to the river spans and supports the end spans of the main bridge, the approach road viaduct structure and the railway viaduct structure. The transition pier also provided the location for the diversion of the gas pipe, power cables and telecommunication utilities located on the main bridge whilst also enclosing an access stairwell for inspection, maintenance and emergency evacuations. 7. SITE SELECTION Four alternative bridge sites were identified as alternative locations in the following areas: Site-1:Paturia-Goalundo Site-2 : Dohar-Charbhadrasan Site-3 : Mawa-Janjira Site-4 : Chandpur-Bhedarganj Four alternative locations were examined from the view points of existing transport of the project area, traffic demand forecast, preliminary river study and technical consideration in highway planning, preliminary bridge planning, environmental social consideration. JICA study team considers site-1 and site-3 to be most advantageous for a new fixed crossing and recommends these sites for further study until Interim report. Survey Results Estimated amount of land to be acquired is almost same (about 1,250 ha ) in both cases The number of affected households / structure varies due to differences in population density Current estimate suggests:- Mawa Janjira 70,000 to 80,000 Paturia Goalundo 40,000 to 45,000 Traffic Study and Economic Analysis (Main Work Items) 1) Traffic Surveys (Traffic counts, OD Survey) 2) Establishment of Future Socioeconomic Framework (Population, GDP, GRDP) 3) Traffic Demand Forecast (Target year 2025) 4) Confirmation of Economic Feasibility 5) Economic Impacts of the Padma Bridge ) Improvement of Accessibility 2) Regional Economic Development 3) Formation of International Road Network Summary of Comparisons of Two Sites from traffic and Economic Point of View Evaluation Criteria| Paturia-Goalundo| Mawa-Janjira| Traffic Demand (2025)| 19,850 vehicles/day| 41,550 vehicles/day| Economic Feasibility| EIRR=9. 6%| EIRR=16. 9%| Financial Project Cost (Million US$)| 1,260| 1,074| Improv ement of Accessibility| (Travel time) Dhaka Mongla Dhaka Benapole (Beneficiary Population) Within 3 hours from Dhaka Within 4 hours from Dhaka| 4. 5 hours 4. 6 hours ,791,000 (9%) 12,738,000 (42%)| 3. 6 hours 3. 6 hours 10,417,000 (35%) 22,247,000 (74%)| Density of Feeder Roads| No big difference| Formation of International Road Network| | Asian Highway A-1. Short distance to Benapole Land Port and Mongla Sea Port| Regional Economic Development| GDP of Southwest region will increase by 18% (1. 2% /year)| GDP of Southwest region will increase by 35% (2. 3% /year)| Growth centers around the bridge sites| No big difference| Indicative Cost Paturia Goalundo| Mawa Janjira| US$ 1,260 million| US$ 1,074 million| Evaluation of P-G M-J sites Evaluation Criteria | Paturia Goalundo| Mawa Janjira| Economic Feasibility| EIRR| 9. 6%| 16. 9%| B/C Ratio| 0. 71| 1. 81| | NPV (Mil. Taka)| -9,857| 23,140| | Regional Development| Increase of GRDP of Southwest Region| 18% up (1. 2% per year)| 35% up (2. 3% per year)| Environmental Impact| Result of IEE| No big difference| Social impact and Resettlement Issues| Households requiring relocation| 1,842| 2,635| Community structures affected| 18| 60 `| | Total population affected (both direct and indirect)| 40,000-45,000| 70,000-80,000| Preliminary RAP cost| 23. 7 mil. US$| 38. 79 mil. US$| Traffic Demand Forecast of the Padma Bridge | Traffic Volumes across PadmaRiver (both ways 2003: From Traffic Survey)| | Paturia-Goalundo| Mawa-Jajira| Cross-Padma| Light Vehicle| 572| 128| 700| Bus| 687| 227| 914| Truck| 1,217| 78| 1,295| Total| 2,476| 433| 2,909| Launch Passenger| 15,559| 9,126| 24,685| Present Traffic Movement Pattern At present, traffic at Mawa is lower than Paturia due to the following reasons: 1)    Road condition of NH 8 is now very poor. 2)    A narrow approach road to the Mawa ghat. 3)    Quality of ferry services at Mawa is lower than Paturia in general. )    No sufficient parking space for trucks. 5)    Two hour river crossing time at Mawa is significantly longer than 35 minutes of Paturia. Future Traffic Movement Pattern Future traffic movement pattern will be drastically changed if the Padma Bridge is constructed at Mawa with following reasons: 1)    Improvement of NH 8 (Dhaka Khulna Road Project by ADB) will be completed by the end of 2004. 2)    Direct road link from Dhaka for the largest traffic demands to Khulna and Jcssore. 3)    Elimination of two hour crossing time. Criteria for Final Site Selection Preliminary results shows greater impacts In Mawa-Janjira over Paturia site   Site selection should be more on technical engineering grounds-future safety of the bridge infrastructure   Major Impacts of the project Irrespective of    sites   Selection of Final site Is critical to set the next agenda preparation of RAP   Task would be to minimize Impact, develop Improved policy for mitigation of adverse Impacts, management and capacity building for resettlement management   Experience of the Jamuna and other donor-funded projects will be used In the planning and Implementation of RAP for Padma . CONCLUSION The Padma multipurpose bridge is a long cherished dream of the people of the entire southern region. The bridge will link the greater Khulna, Greater Faridpoor and Greater Barisal region with the rest of the country. It will give tremendous boost to national economy as the direct driving travel distance between Dhaka and this region will be greatly reduced and hustles and harassment people face in moving tradeable commodities to and from this region will be removed. The agro rich region of Barisal and Khulna can feed the rest of the country much easily. Mongla port can make greater contribution. Tourism industry in the picturesque mangrove forest Sundarban and marvellous sea resort Kuakata will get massive boost. Nepal, Bhutan and 7 sisters around Bangladesh may utilise this bridge to use Mongla port which will give our economy a massive shot in the arm.